|
| Dependent variable: |
| |
| Corruption PCA Score |
| year 2012 | year 2016 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|
| Self-Assessed Skin Tone (1 = lightest) | -0.020 | 0.016 | -0.066*** | -0.048** |
| (0.017) | (0.027) | (0.014) | (0.019) |
| | | | |
| Black | | -0.303* | | -0.102 |
| | (0.163) | | (0.103) |
| | | | |
| Hispanic | | -0.377*** | | -0.410*** |
| | (0.114) | | (0.078) |
| | | | |
| Other race | | 0.254* | | 0.035 |
| | (0.132) | | (0.094) |
| | | | |
| Age | -0.002 | -0.003 | -0.004*** | -0.004*** |
| (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) |
| | | | |
| Female | 0.038 | 0.040 | 0.077* | 0.075 |
| (0.060) | (0.061) | (0.046) | (0.046) |
| | | | |
| Education: High School | -0.141 | -0.149 | 0.159* | 0.116 |
| (0.108) | (0.108) | (0.087) | (0.087) |
| | | | |
| Education: Some College | -0.157 | -0.159 | 0.278*** | 0.224** |
| (0.110) | (0.111) | (0.088) | (0.088) |
| | | | |
| Education: College or More | -0.400*** | -0.416*** | -0.079 | -0.153* |
| (0.114) | (0.114) | (0.091) | (0.092) |
| | | | |
| Party ID (1 = Strong Democrat) | 0.085*** | 0.076*** | 0.140*** | 0.131*** |
| (0.015) | (0.016) | (0.011) | (0.011) |
| | | | |
| Income (30 ordered categories) | -0.009** | -0.011*** | -0.0002 | -0.0003 |
| (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.003) |
| | | | |
| Northeast Region | 0.130 | 0.171 | -0.324** | -0.197 |
| (0.182) | (0.185) | (0.133) | (0.134) |
| | | | |
| North Central Region | 0.030 | 0.045 | -0.261** | -0.163 |
| (0.173) | (0.177) | (0.129) | (0.130) |
| | | | |
| South Region | 0.149 | 0.218 | -0.307** | -0.180 |
| (0.171) | (0.174) | (0.127) | (0.129) |
| | | | |
| West Region | 0.016 | 0.092 | -0.385*** | -0.227* |
| (0.175) | (0.181) | (0.129) | (0.133) |
| | | | |
|
| Observations | 1,808 | 1,802 | 3,342 | 3,335 |
| R2 | 0.041 | 0.053 | 0.077 | 0.085 |
|
| Note: | *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01 |